@font-face{font-family:Newsreader Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 800;src:url(/_astro/newsreader-vietnamese-opsz-normal.BjhtXyW2.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+102-103,U+110-111,U+128-129,U+168-169,U+1A0-1A1,U+1AF-1B0,U+300-301,U+303-304,U+308-309,U+323,U+329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:Newsreader Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 800;src:url(/_astro/newsreader-latin-ext-opsz-normal.BQn1nviT.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:Newsreader Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 800;src:url(/_astro/newsreader-latin-opsz-normal.s-izfB6B.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:Newsreader Variable;font-style:italic;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 800;src:url(/_astro/newsreader-vietnamese-opsz-italic.DTr-ymY4.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+102-103,U+110-111,U+128-129,U+168-169,U+1A0-1A1,U+1AF-1B0,U+300-301,U+303-304,U+308-309,U+323,U+329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:Newsreader Variable;font-style:italic;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 800;src:url(/_astro/newsreader-latin-ext-opsz-italic.CSPGnFdO.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:Newsreader Variable;font-style:italic;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 800;src:url(/_astro/newsreader-latin-opsz-italic.kJKFiXvB.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:Tiro Bangla;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/tiro-bangla-bengali-400-normal.v3lAayBG.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/tiro-bangla-bengali-400-normal.CIbHCMPl.woff)format("woff")}html.paper{--page:#ede7da;--bg:#f6f1e7;--fg:#1f1d1a;--tx:#3b3833;--mu:#6f6a61;--li:#e1d8c8;--soft:#ece4d4;--hatch:#e6dfd0;--btn:#1f1d1a;--btnt:#f6f1e7;--ink:#1f1d1a;--clay:#b8553a;--clay-wash:#e9b99d;--sage-wash:#cdd6b6;--serif:"Newsreader Variable","Tiro Bangla",Georgia,serif;--bnserif:"Tiro Bangla","Newsreader Variable",serif}html.paper[data-theme=dark]{--page:#161411;--bg:#1d1a16;--fg:#efe8da;--tx:#cfc6b6;--mu:#9d9586;--li:#332e27;--soft:#26221c;--hatch:#221e19;--btn:#efe8da;--btnt:#1d1a16;--ink:#efe8da;--clay:#e08a68;--clay-wash:#6a3a28;--sage-wash:#3c4430}html.paper body,html.paper .shell{background:var(--page)}html.paper .col{background:var(--bg);border-color:var(--li)}html.paper header.nav{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--bg) 88%,transparent)}html.paper #bar{background:var(--clay);height:3px}.paper .art{padding:30px clamp(18px,4vw,44px) 48px}.paper .art .meta{font:500 12.5px/1 var(--body);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--mu);gap:14px}.paper .art .meta b{color:var(--clay);font-weight:600}.paper .hero-art{max-width:560px;margin:22px -6px 8px}.paper .art h1{font:600 clamp(34px,5.4vw,50px)/1.06 var(--serif);font-variation-settings:"opsz" 72;letter-spacing:-.022em;color:var(--fg);text-wrap:balance;margin:18px 0 16px}.paper :lang(bn) .art h1,.paper .art:lang(bn) h1{font:400 clamp(30px,5vw,44px)/1.32 var(--bnserif);letter-spacing:0}.paper .dek{font:400 21px/1.45 var(--serif);color:var(--tx);max-width:32em;font-style:italic}.paper .art:lang(bn) .dek{font:400 19px/1.7 var(--bnserif);font-style:normal}.paper .squig{width:120px;height:14px;color:var(--clay);margin:22px 0 4px;display:block}.paper .tk{border-left:3px solid var(--clay);background:0 0;border-radius:0;margin:28px 0 34px;padding:4px 0 4px 22px}.paper .tk h2{font:600 12.5px/1 var(--body);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--clay);margin-bottom:12px}.paper .tk ul{font:400 17.5px/1.55 var(--serif);color:var(--fg);gap:10px;padding-left:18px}.paper .art:lang(bn) .tk ul{font:400 17px/1.75 var(--bnserif)}.paper .tk li::marker{color:var(--clay)}.paper .prose{font:400 19.5px/1.72 var(--serif);font-variation-settings:"opsz" 16;color:var(--tx);max-width:34em}.paper .art:lang(bn) .prose{font:400 19px/1.9 var(--bnserif)}.paper .prose h2{font:600 28px/1.2 var(--serif);font-variation-settings:"opsz" 48;letter-spacing:-.015em;color:var(--fg);margin:1.9em 0 .55em;position:relative}.paper .art:lang(bn) .prose h2{font:400 26px/1.4 var(--bnserif)}.paper .prose h2:before{content:"";background:var(--clay);border-radius:2px;width:34px;height:3px;margin-bottom:16px;display:block}.paper .prose strong{color:var(--fg);font-weight:650}.paper .prose a{color:var(--fg);text-decoration-color:var(--clay);text-decoration-thickness:1.5px}.paper .prose ol,.paper .prose ul{padding-left:1.2em}.paper .prose li::marker{color:var(--clay);font-weight:600}.paper .prose code{font:500 .78em var(--mono);background:var(--soft);color:var(--fg);border-radius:5px;padding:.15em .38em}.paper .prose pre{color:#efe8da;background:#22201c;border-radius:14px;margin:1.4em 0;padding:20px 22px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;box-shadow:0 1px #0000000a,0 18px 40px -26px #28190a73}.paper .prose pre code{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;background:0 0}.paper .prose pre code span[style]{filter:saturate(.7)brightness(1.08)}.paper .src{border-top:1px solid var(--li);font:400 15px/1.55 var(--serif);color:var(--mu)}.paper .src h2{font:600 12.5px/1 var(--body);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--fg)}.paper .src a:hover{color:var(--clay)}.paper .share{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin-top:30px;display:flex}.paper .share a,.paper .share button{font:500 14px var(--body);color:var(--fg);background:var(--soft);cursor:pointer;border:0;border-radius:999px;padding:9px 16px;transition:background .2s,color .2s}.paper .share a:hover,.paper .share button:hover{background:var(--fg);color:var(--bg)}.paper .wi-head{border-bottom:1px solid var(--li);padding:40px clamp(18px,4vw,44px) 26px}.paper .wi-head h1{font:600 clamp(46px,8vw,76px)/.98 var(--serif);font-variation-settings:"opsz" 72;letter-spacing:-.03em;color:var(--fg)}.paper .wi-head:lang(bn) h1{font:400 clamp(40px,7vw,64px)/1.2 var(--bnserif);letter-spacing:0}.paper .wi-head p{font:400 20px/1.5 var(--serif);color:var(--tx);max-width:30em;margin-top:14px;font-style:italic}.paper .wi-head:lang(bn) p{font:400 18px/1.7 var(--bnserif);font-style:normal}.paper .wi-list{padding:8px clamp(18px,4vw,44px) 30px}.paper .wi{border-bottom:1px solid var(--li);grid-template-columns:150px minmax(0,1fr);align-items:center;gap:24px;padding:26px 0;display:grid}.paper .wi:last-child{border-bottom:0}.paper .wi .thumbart{background:var(--soft);border-radius:14px;padding:10px;transition:transform .5s cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1)}.paper .wi:hover .thumbart{transform:rotate(-1.5deg)scale(1.02)}.paper .wi small{font:600 12px/1 var(--body);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--clay)}.paper .wi small span{color:var(--mu);margin-left:10px;font-weight:500}.paper .wi h2{font:600 25px/1.18 var(--serif);font-variation-settings:"opsz" 36;letter-spacing:-.012em;color:var(--fg);margin:10px 0 8px;transition:color .2s}.paper .wi:lang(bn) h2,.paper .wi-list:lang(bn) h2{font:400 22px/1.45 var(--bnserif)}.paper .wi:hover h2{color:var(--clay)}.paper .wi p{font:400 16.5px/1.55 var(--serif);color:var(--mu)}.paper .wi-list:lang(bn) p{font:400 16px/1.7 var(--bnserif)}.paper .wi.lead{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:14px}.paper .wi.lead .thumbart{max-width:560px;padding:18px 18px 8px}.paper .wi.lead h2{font-size:clamp(30px,4.6vw,40px);line-height:1.08}@media (width<=560px){.paper .wi{grid-template-columns:96px minmax(0,1fr);align-items:start;gap:16px}.paper .wi h2{font-size:20px}.paper .wi p{display:none}.paper .wi.lead p{display:block}.paper .prose{font-size:18.5px}.paper .prose pre{border-radius:0;margin-inline:-18px;padding:18px;font-size:13.5px}}.paper :lang(bn) .meta,.paper .art:lang(bn) .meta,.paper .art:lang(bn) .tk h2,.paper .art:lang(bn) .src h2,.paper .wi-list:lang(bn) small{letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;font-size:14px}html.paper{--pad:clamp(18px,5vw,72px);--maxw:1320px}html.paper .shell{background:var(--bg);max-width:none;padding:0}html.paper .col{background:var(--bg);border:0}html.paper header.nav{padding:16px var(--pad);border-bottom:1px solid var(--li)}html.paper footer{padding:22px var(--pad)}html.paper main>section.wide{padding:56px var(--pad)}html.paper main>section.wide>*{max-width:var(--maxw);margin-inline:auto}.paper .art{max-width:none;padding:0}.paper .ahead{max-width:var(--maxw);padding:clamp(40px,7vw,104px) var(--pad) clamp(40px,6vw,88px);grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.25fr) minmax(0,1fr);align-items:center;gap:clamp(24px,5vw,80px);margin:0 auto;display:grid}.paper .ahead h1{letter-spacing:-.028em;margin:22px 0;font-size:clamp(38px,5.6vw,80px);line-height:1.02}.paper .art:lang(bn) .ahead h1{font-size:clamp(32px,4.6vw,60px);line-height:1.3}.paper .ahead .dek{max-width:30em;font-size:clamp(19px,1.7vw,24px)}.paper .hero-art{background:var(--soft);border-radius:28px;max-width:none;margin:0;padding:clamp(18px,3vw,40px)}.paper .abody{border-top:1px solid var(--li);padding:clamp(40px,5vw,72px) var(--pad) clamp(56px,6vw,96px);grid-template-columns:minmax(180px,240px) minmax(0,700px);justify-content:center;gap:clamp(32px,6vw,96px);display:grid}.paper .toc{font:400 15px/1.45 var(--body);align-self:start;position:sticky;top:96px}.paper .toc p{font:600 12px/1 var(--body);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--mu);margin-bottom:14px}.paper .art:lang(bn) .toc p{letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;font-size:14px}.paper .toc ol{border-left:1px solid var(--li);gap:4px;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}.paper .toc a{color:var(--mu);border-left:2px solid #0000;margin-left:-1px;padding:6px 0 6px 16px;transition:color .2s,border-color .2s;display:block}.paper .toc a:hover{color:var(--fg)}.paper .toc a.on{color:var(--fg);border-color:var(--clay)}.paper .amain{min-width:0}.paper .amain .tk{margin-top:0}.paper .prose{max-width:none}.paper .wi-head{padding:clamp(48px,8vw,120px) var(--pad) clamp(32px,4vw,56px)}.paper .wi-head h1{font-size:clamp(56px,11vw,168px);line-height:.92}.paper .wi-list{max-width:calc(var(--maxw) + 2*var(--pad));padding:clamp(32px,4vw,56px) var(--pad) 72px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:clamp(28px,4vw,56px);margin:0 auto;display:grid}.paper .wi{border:0;grid-template-columns:1fr;align-items:start;gap:18px;padding:0}.paper .wi .thumbart{border-radius:24px;padding:clamp(16px,2.4vw,32px)}.paper .wi p{display:block}.paper .wi.lead{border-bottom:1px solid var(--li);grid-column:1/-1;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.1fr) minmax(0,1fr);align-items:center;gap:clamp(24px,4vw,64px);padding-bottom:clamp(28px,4vw,56px)}.paper .wi.lead .thumbart{order:2;max-width:none}.paper .wi.lead h2{letter-spacing:-.025em;font-size:clamp(34px,4.4vw,64px);line-height:1.04}.paper .wi.lead p{font-size:clamp(17px,1.4vw,20px)}@media (width<=900px){.paper .ahead{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px;padding-top:28px}.paper .hero-art{border-radius:20px;order:-1}.paper .abody{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:0;padding-top:28px}.paper .toc{display:none}.paper .wi-list,.paper .wi.lead{grid-template-columns:1fr}.paper .wi.lead .thumbart{order:-1}}@media (width<=560px){.paper .wi{grid-template-columns:1fr}.paper .wi h2{font-size:24px}.paper .prose pre{margin-inline:calc(var(--pad) * -1)}}.paper .wi-head{padding-inline:max(var(--pad),calc((100% - var(--maxw))/2))}.paper .wi-head>*{max-width:none;margin-inline:0}.paper .wi-head p{max-width:30em}.pa[data-astro-cid-qhkolj5f]{width:100%;height:auto;display:block;overflow:visible}.pa[data-astro-cid-qhkolj5f] .wash[data-astro-cid-qhkolj5f]{fill:var(--clay-wash,#e7b79a)}.pa[data-astro-cid-qhkolj5f] .wash2[data-astro-cid-qhkolj5f]{fill:var(--sage-wash,#c9d3b4)}.pa[data-astro-cid-qhkolj5f] .ink[data-astro-cid-qhkolj5f] path[data-astro-cid-qhkolj5f]{fill:none;stroke:var(--ink,#1f1d1a);stroke-width:4.2px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}.pa[data-astro-cid-qhkolj5f].sm .ink[data-astro-cid-qhkolj5f] path[data-astro-cid-qhkolj5f]{stroke-width:7px}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.pa[data-astro-cid-qhkolj5f] .ink[data-astro-cid-qhkolj5f]{filter:none}}